همکاری با انجمن علمی مدیریت و کنترل مناطق بیابانی ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار، بخش تحقیقات منابع طبیعی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان کردستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، سنندج، ایران

2 کارشناس‌ارشد بخش تحقیقات منابع طبیعی، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان یزد

10.22092/ijrdr.2022.128074

چکیده

با هدف برآورد تنوع ژنتیکی و روابط بین صفات در گون­های علفی چندساله، تعداد 10 جمعیت متعلق به گونه‌هایAstragalus vegetus ،A. brevidens ،A. brachyodontus  ،  A. effususو A. cyclophyllus در سنندج در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار بررسی گردیدند. کاشت بذور در مزرعه در آبان 1397 و صفات روی بوته­های دوساله در آخر اردیبهشت ­1399 اندازه­گیری گردید. بین جمعیت­ها از لحاظ صفات مورد بررسی اختلافات معنی­داری در سطوح احتمال 1% و 5% وجود داشت. میانگین کل استقرار گیاهان برابر 26%، تعداد شاخه اولیه2/3 عدد، میانگین ارتفاع، طول بلندترین ساقه و قطر تاج به­ترتیب 9/16، 2/19 و 4/15سانتی­متر، طول و عرض ریشه به­ترتیب 4/17 و 2/6 سانتی­متر، وزن تر کل بوته، بخش هوایی و ریشه آن به­ترتیب 3/2، 9/1 و 4/0، وزن خشک کل بوته، بخش هوایی و ریشه آن به­ترتیب 9/0، 7/0 و 2/0 گرم، نسبت وزن خشک به تازه بوته برابر 38/0، طول و عرض برگ و طول و عرض برگچه به­ترتیب 5/7 ، 7/3 ، 3/2 و 5/0 سانتی­متر با متوسط 7/7 برگچه در برگ بود. جمعیت­ A. effusus دره­ شهداء و سه جمعیت گونه A. vegetus   (زرشک ، سارال و قره باغ) جمعیت­های برتر برای عملکرد علوفه بودند. وزن بوته با درجه شادابی، طول و عرض برگ دارای همبستگی مثبت در سطح 05/0 و با ارتفاع و قطر تاج بوته، تعداد شاخه­های اولیه، طول و عرض ریشه و وزن بخش هوایی و ریشه دارای رابطه مثبت و معنی­دار (01/0 ≥ p) بود. مطابق نتایج رگرسیون گام به گام عملکرد علوفه بر سایر صفات، وزن بوته، درصد استقرار گیاه، ارتفاع و قطر تاج در سطح 1% و طول ریشه و برگ در سطح 5% با ضریب تبیین بالا (1/91 %= R2adj ) اجزای عملکرد علوفه بودند، از این رو برای دستیابی به علوفه بالاتر باید بدنبال گزینش گیاهان با بخش هوایی حجیم­تر و ریشه­های عمیق­تر بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of genetic variation and relationships of forage yield and its components in different populations of five forage species of milkvetch (Astragalus spp.) in Kurdistan province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Bayzid Yousefi 1
  • Sedigheh Zarekia 2

1 Associate professor, Research Division of Natural Resources, Kurdistan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center (AREEO), Sanandaj, Iran

2 Senior Research Expert, Natural Resources Research Division, Research Center for Agriculture and Natural Resources of Yazd province

چکیده [English]

To evaluate the genetic diversity and relationships among traits of herbaceous milkvetch, 10 genotypes belong to five species including Astragalus vegetus. A. brevidens, A. brachyodontus, A. effusus and A. cyclophyllus in Sanandaj in a randomized complete block design with three replications were studied. Seed sowing was done in November 2018 and morphological traits of plant in spring 2020 were measured. Analysis of variance released significnant (p≤0.01 and 0.05) difference for milkvetch populations (G) for all studied traits. In 2020 (two years old plants), the mean of plant establishment was about 26%, the number of primary branches was 3.2, plant height, the tallest stem length and crown diameter were 16.9, 19.2 and 15.4 cm respectively, the length and width of the root were 17.4 and 6.2 cm, respectively, the average of fresh weights of the whole plant, arial and root parts were 2.3, 1.9 and 0.4 g and the average of dry weights of the whole plant, arial and root parts were were 0.9, 0.7 and 0.2 g respectively, average dry to fresh weight ratio was 0.38. Average of leaflet per leaf was 7.7, so mean of length and width of leaf and leaflet were 7.5, 3.7, 2.3 and 0.5 cm respectively. Up to this stage, the accession of A. effusus Darreh Shohada (West Azerbaijan) and three accession of A. vegetus (Zereshk of Qazvin, Saral of Kurdistan and Qarehbagh of West Azerbaijan) were superior ones in terms of forage production and other studied traits. The weight of the plant was positively correlated with plant vigor, length and width of leaf (p≤0.05) and with plant height, crown diameter, number of primary branches, length and width of root, arial and root weight at 1% probality level. The results of stepwise regression of forage yield on other traits showed that plant weight, establishment percentage, plant height and crown diameter at 1% and the length of leaf and root at 5% probality level (R2adj = 91.1%) were forage yield components. Therefore, in order to achieve higher forage, the genotypes with larger aerial parts and deeper roots should be selected.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Astragalus spp
  • correlation
  • forage yield
  • stepwise regression
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