نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشیار، بخش تحقیقات حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی کرمانشاه، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ایران
2 محقق، بخش تحقیقات جنگل و مرتع، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی کرمانشاه، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ایران
3 استادیار، بخش تحقیقات جنگل و مرتع، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی لرستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ایران
چکیده
آتشسوزی بهعنوان عاملی تهدید کننده در منابع طبیعی هر ساله در سطح وسیعی رخ میدهد. هدف از این تحقیق تعیین اثرات کمی و کیفی آتشسوزی بر گیاهان مرتعی و تعیین مقاومت گونههای مختلف مرتعی در مقابل آتشسوزی جهت احیای عرصههای مرتعی است. این تحقیق در سایت مرتعی روستای کبوده علیا در شهرستان کرمانشاه انجام شد. این سایت در سال 1396 دچار حریق شد. یک مرتع شاهد با ویژگی اکولوژیکی و توپوگرافی مشابه در مجاورت سایت آتشسوزی انتخاب گردید. سپس با تعیین منطقه معرف آتشسوزی و شاهد، به روش تصادفی- سیستماتیک چهار ترانسکت 50 متری و 10 پلات ثابت (1×1 متر مربع) استقرار یافت و طی سه سال (99-1397) اقدام به آماربرداری و ارزیابی تراکم، تولید علوفه، تاج پوشش، وضعیت و گرایش مرتع شد. دادهها با نرم افزار SPSS مورد تجزیه آماری قرار گرفتند و مقایسه میانگینها با آزمون دانکن انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که بین تیمارهای شاهد و آتشسوزی در سطح 1% اختلاف معنی‌دار وجود داشت. در هر دو عرصه شاهد و آتشسوزی، فرمهای رویشی گندمیان و پهن برگ علفی چندساله در هر دو عرصه شاهد و آتشسوزی در سطح 1% دارای اختلاف میانگین معنی‌دار از نظر تراکم و تاج‌پوشش بودند. آتشسوزی سبب کاهش میانگین تاج پوشش و در نتیجه کاهش میانگین تولید در گندمیان چند ساله و پهن برگهای علفی شد که بیانگر حساسیت آنها در برابر آتشسوزی است. فرم رویشی بوتهای در سطح 1% برای تراکم و 5% برای تاج‌پوشش دارای تفاوت معنی‌دار در دو عرصه شاهد و آتشسوزی بود. در عرصه آتشسوزی تراکم، تاج پوشش و تولید گیاهان بوتهای کاهش یافته بود. آتشسوزی تا حدود زیادی باعث تغییر ترکیب گونهای، حذف یا کاهش تراکم و بیوماس گیاهان بوتهای و گیاهان درختچهای شده بود و برعکس آتشسوزی سبب افزایش تراکم، تاج پوشش و تولید در گندمیان یکساله و گیاهان علفی یکساله شد. گونههای مقاوم در مقابل آتشسوزی شامل گندمیان دائمی (Hordeum bulbosum و Elymus hispidus) بودند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
The effect of fire on plant vegetation forms in Kaboudeh summer range (Kermanshah province, Iran)
نویسندگان [English]
- Mohammad Gheitury 1
- Borzou Yousefi 2
- Reza Siahmansour 3
- Mosayeb Heshmati 1
1 Associate professor, Kermanshah Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Kermanshah, Iran
2 Researcher, Kermanshah Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Kermanshah, Iran
3 Research Assistant professor, Lorestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Iran
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