همکاری با انجمن علمی مدیریت و کنترل مناطق بیابانی ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری علوم مرتع، گروه مرتع‌داری، دانشکده مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه مرتع‌داری، دانشکده مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

3 استادیار، گروه مرتع‌داری، دانشکده مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

4 استادیار موسسه تحقیقات پنبه کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، گرگان، ایران

10.22092/ijrdr.2024.130967

چکیده

مقدمه
با توجه به افزایش استفاده از سوخت‌های فسیلی و کودهای شیمیایی، مقدار ورود ترکیبات نیتروژن‌دار به جو به‌ویژه در مناطق صنعتی افزایش یافته است. رسوب نیتروژن، پیامد افزایش میزان ورودی نیتروژن به اتمسفر است که می‌تواند تهدیدکننده اکوسیستم‌ها باشد و بر خصوصیات شیمیایی خاک، میکروارگانیسم‌ها و فعالیت آنها مؤثر واقع شود. هدف از این پژوهش، مطالعه تغییرات خصوصیات بیوشیمیایی خاک با توجه به مقادیر احتمالی افزایش ته‌نشست نیتروژن در اثر فعالیت‌های مخرب انسانی است.
 
روش تحقیق
بدین منظور بذر گونه یونجه همدانی (Medicago Sativa L.) به عنوان یک گیاه معرف تثبیت‌کننده نیتروژن انتخاب و به‌صورت طرح بلوک کاملاً تصادفی در 36 گلدان حاوی خاک مرتع مورد نظر کشت گردید. 2 ماه پس از جوانه‌زنی بذرها در گلدان‌ها، شش تیمار (شاهد، 150،120،90،60،30 کیلوگرم در هکتار) نیترات آمونیوم محلول در آب، طی دوره‌ای 75 روزه، در 6 تکرار بر روی خاک اسپری شد. سپس در محیط آزمایشگاه، برخی خصوصیات بیوشیمیایی خاک (شامل اسیدیته، هدایت الکتریکی، فسفر قابل جذب، نیتروژن کل، کربن آلی و پتاسیم تبادلی به همراه بیوماس و تنفس میکربی) و شاخص‌های وزن و عمق ریشه اندازه‌گیری گردید. تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از روش تجزیه واریانس و مقایسه میانگین‌ها با استفاده از آزمون دانکن انجام شد.
 
نتایج و بحث
 نتایج نشان داد که با افزایش نیتروژن حاصل از ته‌نشست تغییرات معنی‌داری در فاکتورهای مورد بررسی بوجود آمد. با افزایش سطح رسوبات نیترات آمونیوم به 60 و 90 کیلوگرم در هکتار در سال، با وجود افزایش معنی‌دار (05/0 p ˂) مقادیر کربن آلی و نیتروژن کل خاک، سبب کاهش معنی‌دار سایر خصوصیات بیوشیمیایی اندازه‌گیری شده خاک می‌گردد (05/0p ˂). با افزایش بیش از حد ته‌نشست نیتروژن و برهم خوردن تعادل عناصر، توقف رشد و از بین رفتن اندام زیرزمینی مشاهده شد. با افزایش ته‌نشست شبیه‌سازی شده در خاک تا سطح ۶۰ کیلوگرم، میانگین تنفس و بیوماس میکروبی افزایش یافت. اما در سطوح بالاتر ته‌نشست نیتروژن، تنفس و بیوماس میکروبی کاهش یافت و به کمتر از میانگین تنفس و بیوماس گلدان‌های شاهد رسید.
 
نتیجه‌گیری
بر این اساس، استفاده از گیاه یونجه در پروژه‌های اصلاح مراتع ییلاقی و احیا پوشش گیاهی به منظور جذب نیتروژن معدنی ته‌نشست شده مازاد بر ظرفیت نگهداشت خاک و پیامدهای منفی آن و ایجاد ناحیه ریشه‌ای مناسب برای فعالیت جامعه میکروبی خاک، توصیه می‌گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the effect of atmospheric nitrogen deposition on annual alfalfa roots and biochemical properties of Rangeland soil

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Daneshi 1
  • Mojgansadat Azimi 2
  • Hamid Niknahad Gharehmakhor 3
  • Elham Faghani 4

1 PhD. Student in Range Management, Department of Range Management, Faculty of Range and Watershed Management, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran

2 Associate Prof., Department of Range Management, Faculty of Range and Watershed Management, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran

3 Assistant Prof., Department of Range Management, Faculty of Range and Watershed Management, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran

4 Assistant Professor, Agronomy Department, Cotton Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Gorgan, Iran

چکیده [English]

Background and objectives
Due to the increase in the consumption of fossil fuels and chemical fertilizers, especially nitrogen-containing fertilizers, the entry of nitrogen into the cycle of ecosystems has been more than normal.Nitrogen deposition as a consequence of increasing nitrogen input to the atmosphere, can be a threat to ecosystems. It can affect soil properties, soil microorganisms and their activities, vegetation and animals. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of deposition of different rates of atmospheric nitrogen on the biochemical properties of a summer rangeland's soil.
 
Methodology
For this purpose, the seeds of Medicago sativa were planted in 36 pots containing rangeland soil in a completely randomized block design.  Two months after seed germination in pots, six Nitrogen treatments included control,30, 60,90,120 and 150 kg ammonium nitrate/ha which dissolved in water were applied in 6 replications during a period of 75 days. At the end of experiment, some soil biochemical properties (acidity, electrical conductivity, absorbable phosphorus, total nitrogen, organic carbon and exchangeable potassium along with biomass and microbial respiration) and Root weight and depth factors were measured.  Data analysis was done using analysis of variance method and mean comparison was done using Duncan's test.
 
Results
The results demonstrated that increasing the level of ammonium nitrate deposition to 60 and 90 kg per hectare per year, despite the significant increase (p < 0.05) of organic carbon and total soil nitrogen, causes a significant decrease in other measured biochemical properties of the soil (p < 0.05). An increase in nitrogen deposition in the early stages may be partially responsible for root growth, but with nitrogen saturation in the soil and the occurrence of nitrate leaching, as well as the loss of soil fertility, unfavorable conditions for root growth are provided. With the increase of nitrogen deposition in the soil, up to the level of 60 kg /ha, the average respiration and microbial biomass increased, But at higher levels of  nitrogen deposition, respiration and microbial biomass decreased.
Conclusion
In case of an increase in mineral nitrogen deposition in the studied area, it is recommended to use the Medicago sativa in the improvement of vegetation restoration projects of summer rangelands to absorb the deposed mineral nitrogen in excess of the soil holding capacity, its alleviate negative consequences and creating a suitable root zone for the the  activity of soil microbial.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Deposition
  • Ammonium nitrate
  • Rangeland Improvement
  • Summer Rangelands
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