نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 استاد، گروه احیاء مناطق خشک و کوهستانی، دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران
2 دانشیار، گروه معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
3 دانشآموخته کارشناسی ارشد مدیریت حوزه آبخیز، گروه احیاء مناطق خشک و کوهستانی، دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران
4 استادیار پژوهشی، مرکز مطالعات توسعه روستایی، پژوهشکده سوانح طبیعی، تهران، ایران
چکیده
سابقه و هدف
مدیریت پایدار منابعطبیعی در مناطق خشک نیازمند بهکارگیری رویکردهای نوینی مانند حکمرانی مشارکتی است که بر تعامل و همکاری میان ذینفعان مختلف تأکید دارد. در این میان، انسجام سازمانی بهعنوان شاخصی از هماهنگی و پیوستگی میان نهادهای مرتبط، نقشی اساسی در تسهیل فرایندهای مشارکتی ایفا میکند. این پژوهش با هدف تحلیل پویایی انسجام سازمانی در شهرستان تفتان و بررسی تأثیر اجرای طرحهای توسعهای بر آن، از روش تحلیل شبکه اجتماعی استفاده میکند. بدینوسیله، تلاش میشود تا تصویری روشنتر از چگونگی اثرگذاری انسجام نهادی بر تحقق حکمرانی مشارکتی منابع در بستر مناطق خشک ارائه شود.
مواد و روشها
این پژوهش با بهرهگیری از رویکرد تحلیل شبکه اجتماعی (SNA) به بررسی ساختار روابط و الگوهای تعامل بین سازمانها و نهادهای دستاندرکار در پیادهسازی طرح آبادانی و پیشرفت منظومههای روستایی شهرستان تفتان میپردازد که نقشی حیاتی در حکمرانی مشارکتی و پایدار منابع مرتعی و بیابانی منطقه ایفا میکند. برای این منظور، روابط بین 25 سازمان مرتبط با اجرای این طرح در دو بازه زمانی، پیش از اجرای طرح (سال 1400) و پس از اجرای آن (سال 1402)، مطالعه شد. سازمانهای مورد مطالعه از طریق بررسی اسناد و مدارک مرتبط با طرح آبادانی و پیشرفت منظومههای روستایی و با استفاده از روش نمونهگیری شبکه کامل شناسایی شدند. دادههای مربوط به میزان تبادل اطلاعات و همکاری بین این سازمانها از طریق پرسشنامهای با مقیاس طیف لیکرت 5 گزینهای جمعآوری شد. دادههای جمعآوریشده به فرمت ماتریس باینری (صفر و یک) تبدیل و با استفاده از نرمافزارهای Excel برای آمادهسازی و UCINET برای تحلیل شبکه پردازش شدند. بهمنظور تحلیل ساختار شبکه و ویژگیهای آن، شاخصهای متنوع تحلیل شبکه اجتماعی در سطح کلان شامل تراکم، تمرکز (درجه ورودی و خروجی)، دوسویگی، انتقالپذیری و میانگین فاصله ژئودزیک محاسبه و تغییرات آنها در طول زمان ارزیابی شد.
نتایج
نتایج تحلیل شبکه اجتماعی نشان داد که پس از اجرای طرح آبادانی و پیشرفت منظومههای روستایی در شهرستان تفتان، تغییرات قابل توجهی در ساختار شبکه روابط سازمانی رخ داده است. تراکم شبکه از 42 درصد قبل از طرح به 59 درصد پس از طرح افزایش یافت که نشاندهنده گسترش سطح ارتباطات و تعاملات بین سازمانها برای هماهنگی بهتر در مدیریت منابع طبیعی است. همچنین، میزان دوسویگی پیوندها از 28 درصد به 59 درصد افزایش یافت که بیانگر شکلگیری روابط متقابل و پایدارتر بین کنشگران شبکه در تبادل اطلاعات و همکاریهای مربوط به منابع طبیعی است. در مقابل، میزان تمرکز درجه در هر دو شبکه ورودی و خروجی کاهش یافت، بهطوریکه تمرکز خروجی از 9/63 درصد به 8/52 درصد و تمرکز ورودی از 8/24 درصد به 4/22 درصد رسید که نشاندهنده توزیع متوازنتر قدرت و نفوذ در شبکه و افزایش مشارکت سازمانهای بیشتر در فرایندهای تصمیمگیری مرتبط با منابع طبیعی است. علاوه بر این، افزایش انتقالپذیری شبکه از 32 درصد به 43 درصد و کاهش میانگین فاصله ژئودزیک از 33/1 به 25/1، بهوضوح نشاندهنده بهبود انسجام ساختاری و تسریع تبادل اطلاعات و دانش بین سازمانهای فعال در منطقه است. این تغییرات ساختاری، ظرفیت بالقوه شبکه سازمانی را برای پاسخگویی هماهنگ به چالشهای مدیریت منابع و پیشبرد اهداف حکمرانی مشارکتی افزایش میدهد.
نتیجهگیری
یافتههای این پژوهش نشان میدهد که اجرای طرح آبادانی و پیشرفت منظومههای روستایی در شهرستان تفتان با ایجاد تغییرات مثبت در شاخصهای ساختاری شبکه روابط سازمانی، بهطور قابل توجهی به تقویت انسجام سازمانی در راستای حکمرانی مشارکتی مؤثر در مدیریت منابع این منطقه کمک کرده است. پژوهشهای آینده میتوانند به بررسی عمیقتر سازوکارهای ایجاد این تغییرات و تأثیر آنها بر پیامدهای عینی مدیریت منابع و توسعه روستایی در شهرستان تفتان بپردازند.
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Analysis of organizational cohesion dynamics in line with participatory governance in arid regions (Case Study: Taftan County)
نویسندگان [English]
- mehdi ghorbani 1
- Seyed Amir Hosein Garakani 2
- Aida Heidari 3
- Samira Mohammadian 3
- Sajad Amiri 4
1 Professor, Department of Reclamation of Arid and Mountain Regions, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
3 M.Sc in Watershed Management, Department of Reclamation of Arid and Mountain Regions, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
4 Research Assistant Professor, Rural Development Studies Center, Natural Hazards Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]
Background and Objectives
Sustainable natural resource management in arid regions necessitates adopting novel approaches like participatory governance, which emphasizes interaction and collaboration among diverse stakeholders. In this context, organizational cohesion, as an indicator of coordination and interconnectedness among relevant entities, plays a fundamental role in facilitating participatory processes. This research aims to analyze the dynamics of organizational cohesion in Taftan County and investigate the impact of implementing development plans on it, utilizing the Social Network Analysis (SNA) method. By doing so, it seeks to provide a clearer picture of how institutional cohesion contributes to achieving participatory resource governance in arid environments.
Methodology
This study employs the Social Network Analysis (SNA) approach to examine the structure of relationships and interaction patterns among organizations and institutions involved in implementing the Rural Development and Progress Plan in Taftan County, which plays a vital role in the participatory and sustainable governance of the region's rangeland and desert resources. For this purpose, the relationships among 25 relevant organizations involved in this plan were studied across two time points: before its implementation (2021) and after its implementation (2023). The organizations under study were identified through a review of relevant documents related to the Rural Development and Progress Plan for rural complexes, using a full network sampling method. Data on the level of information exchange and collaboration among these organizations were collected via a questionnaire utilizing a 5-point Likert scale. The collected data were converted into a binary matrix (zero and one) and processed using Excel for preparation and UCINET for network analysis. To analyze the network structure and its characteristics, various SNA macro-level indicators including density, centralization (in-degree and out-degree), reciprocity, transitivity, and average geodesic distance were calculated, and their changes over time were evaluated.
Results
The results of the social network analysis indicated that, following the implementation of the rural development and progress plan in Taftan County, significant changes occurred in the structure of the organizational relationship network. Network density increased from 42% before the project to 59% after the project, indicating an expanded level of communication and interaction among organizations for better coordination in natural resource management. Furthermore, the reciprocity of ties significantly increased from 28% to 59%, reflecting the formation of more reciprocal and stable relationships among network actors in information exchange and collaboration pertinent to natural resources. Conversely, degree centralization decreased in both in-degree and out-degree networks; out-degree centralization dropped from 63.9% to 52.8%, and in-degree centralization fell from 24.8% to 22.4%. This signifies a more balanced distribution of power and influence within the network and increased participation of more organizations in natural resource-related decision-making processes. In addition, the increase in network transitivity from 32% to 43% and the reduction in average geodesic distance from 1.33 to 1.25 clearly demonstrate improved structural cohesion and accelerated information and knowledge exchange among active organizations in the region. These positive structural changes enhance the organizational network's potential to respond cohesively to natural resource management challenges and advance the goals of collaborative governance in this domain.
Conclusion
The findings of this research indicate that the implementation of the rural development and progress plan in Taftan County, by creating positive changes in the structural indicators of the organizational relationship network, has significantly contributed to strengthening organizational cohesion towards effective participatory governance in the management of this region's resources. Future research could delve deeper into the mechanisms creating these changes and their impact on the tangible outcomes of resource management and rural development in Taftan County.
کلیدواژهها [English]
- Social network analysis
- rural development
- organizational relationships
- Taftan county
- stakeholder participation
- resource management
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