تحقیقات مرتع و بیابان ایران

همکاری با انجمن علمی مدیریت و کنترل مناطق بیابانی ایران

شماره جاری

بر اساس شماره‌های نشریه

بر اساس نویسندگان

نمایه نویسندگان

نمایه کلیدواژه ها

درباره نشریه

اهداف و چشم انداز

اعضای هیات تحریریه

اصول اخلاقی انتشار مقاله

بانک ها و نمایه نامه ها

پیوندهای مفید

پرسش‌های متداول

فرایند پذیرش مقالات

اطلاعات آماری نشریه

اخبار و اعلانات

راهنمای نویسندگان

فرم های ضروری

داوران برگزیده

راهنمای داوران

داوران همکار

بررسی اولویت‌‌بندی عوامل مؤثر بر مدیریت چرا با استفاده از روش AHP در مراتع عشایری استان فارس

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار پژوهشی، بخش تحقیقات منابع طبیعی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان فارس، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی ، فارس، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه مرتع، آبخیزداری و شیلات، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران،

چکیده

تخریب مراتع، اعمال چرای بی‌رویه و ضعف مدیریت صحیح چرا از موضوعاتی است که تعادل اکوسیستم‌های مرتعی را به هم زده و بقای زندگی شبانی را به مخاطره انداخته است. بنابراین شناخت عوامل مؤثر بر مدیریت چرا به عنوان قدم اولیه برای بهبود و تبدیل این وضعیت به حالت پایدار ضرورت دارد. این تحقیق در زیست‌بوم عشایر طایفه‌ی شش بلوکی از ایل قشقایی در استان‌های فارس و بوشهر در سال‌ 1395 انجام گرفت. روش جمع‌آوری اطلاعات در این تحقیق، کتابخانه‌ای و میدانی (پرسش‌نامه و مصاحبه) بود. از 40 بهره‌بردار خبره و 25 کارشناس خبره مرتبط با موضوع تحقیق، پرسش‌نامه ویژه مقایسات زوجی تکمیل گردید. برای تعیین و مقایسه وزن و اولویت عوامل مؤثر بر مؤلفه‌های مدیریت چرا از دو دیدگاه بهره­برداران و کارشناسان از روش‌های توصیفی و آماری ناپارامتریک استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که در اکثر موارد بین دو دیدگاه از نظر وزن‌دهی و اولویت‌بندی به عوامل مؤثر بر مؤلفه‌های مدیریت چرا تفاوت معنی‌داری وجود دارد(01/0p<). همچنین در بسیاری از موارد، تفاوت وزنی بسیار بالا بوده و در برخی از موارد، میزان تفاوت نظرات بین دو گروه پاسخگو ناچیز می‌باشد. برای تلفیق دو دیدگاه بهره‌برداران و کارشناسان از روش AHPبهره‌گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که در این روش ، اشتراک دو دیدگاه 6/72 درصد می‌باشد. حمایت دولت از طریق تامین علوفه و آب در خشکسالی‌ها، هماهنگی کارشناسان با بهره‌برداران در تعیین تقویم کوچ، جلوگیری از تغییر کاربری اراضی مرتعی در ییلاق و تثبیت ایل راه‌ها و به ثبت رساندن حق ارضی عشایر جهت انجام کوچ از جمله پیشنهادهای اجرایی این تحقیق جهت ساماندهی کوچ زود هنگام به مراتع ییلاقی و بهبود مدیریت چرا می‌باشند.   

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Prioritizing of affecting factors on grazing management using AHP method in nomad’s rangelands at Fars Province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyed Mohammadreza Habibyian 1
  • Hosein Barani 2

1 Research Assistant Professor, Natural Resources Research Department, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Fars, Iran

2 Associated professor, Range Management Faculty, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Iran

چکیده [English]

Rangeland degradation, intensive grazing and the weakness of accurate grazing management are considered as issues which have distributed rangeland ecosystems’ equilibrium as well as have made dangerous in pastoralists’ life survival. Therefore, it is important to recognize of affecting factors on grazing management as a primary step for improving and altering this condition into a sustainable state. This study was conducted in Shesh-Boloki clan of Qashqai tribe at Fars and Bushehr provinces in 2016. In the study, data collection was done using literature review and field work (questionnaire and interview). Paired comparison questionnaire (AHP questionnaire) was filled out among 40 knowledgeable beneficiary and 25 experts. Descriptive and nonparametric statistical methods were used for determining and comparing weights and priority of affecting factors on grazing management items based on exploiters and experts’ point of view. The result indicated that there was a significant difference between two points of views in terms of weights and priority of affecting factors on grazing management (p<0.01). Also, in case of many items, the weight difference was dramatically high and in some cases this amount was non-significant. AHP method was used with the aim of integration of exploiters and expert’s points of view. The results also showed that this method, overlapping in two views were 72.4%. Government support through providing forage and water in drought years, being accordance experts and exploiters about migration calendar, preventing of land-use change in upland rangelands, stabilization of nomads’ roads and registration of land rights for nomads to migrate are considered as executive recommendations of this study with the aim of organizing the early migration to upland rangelands and improving grazing management.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Grazing management
  • migration calendar
  • AHP
  • Shesh-Boloki
  • ecosystem
  • rangeland exploiters
مراجع
-  Abedi Sarvestani, A., Sharifian-Bahraman, A. and Barani, H., 2014. Investigating the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of exploiting the ranglands. Ms. Thesis, University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, 176p.
-  Ansari, N. and Seiyed Akhlaghi Shal, S. J., 2009. Comparison of the opinion of rangeland user and expert about factors influencing natural resources degradation in Iran. Journal of Rangeland and Desert Research, 3 (3): 519-532.
-  Arayesh, B., Hosseini, F. A., Mirdamadi, S. M. and Malek Mohamadi, A., 2010. A comparison between viewpoint of experts and utilizers of natural resources on people participation in the process of preservation, restoration, development and utilization of forests and rangelands- Ilam province. Iranian Journal of Range and Desert Research, 17(3): 377-392.
-  Avatefi-Hemmat, M., Shamekhi, T., Etemad, V. and Farhadi, M., 2010. Historical analysis of ownership and its effect on style of land management in a village of the northern part of Iran (Case study: Chetan village). Juornal of Forest and Wood Products, 62(4): 397-416.
-  Azarnivand, H. And Zare Chahuki, M., 2009. Rangeland Improvement. Tehran University Press. 354p.
-  Bagheri, H., Adnani, M. and Tavili, A., 2007. Investigation of the relationship between livestock and herbal composition case study: Semi Steppic Wasf-Qom Province. Journal of Research and Building in Natural Resources. 20 (174):155-162.
-  Bailey, D. W., Gross, J. E., Laca, E. A., Rittenhouse, L. R., Coughnoure, M. B., Swift, D. M. and Sims, Ph. L., 1996. Mechanisms that result in larg herbivore grazing distribution patterns. Juornal of Range Management, 49(5): 386-400.
-  Barani, H., 2001. Leading the herd and its role in grazing management of the Eastern Alborz shepherds. Proceedings of the second rangeland and rangelands seminar in Iran, 308-298.
-  Barani, H., 2003. An investigation on pastoral culture among the herders of Eastern Elburz, PhD. Thesis, University of Tehran, 321p.
-  Behmanesh, B., Barani, H., Ownegh, M., Mohammad-Esmaeili, M. and Abedi-Sarvestani, A., 2013. Investigating biophysical indicators of land degradation: interpreting two points of view of rangeland ecological specialists and pastoralists. Journal of Soil Management and Sustainable Production, 3(1): 95-112.
-  Campbell, E. G. and Johnson, R. L., 1983. Food habits of mountain goats and cattle on chopka mountain Washington 1977-1980. Journal of Range Management, 36(4): 488-491.
-  Campbell, J. B., Stringham, E. and Gervais, P., 1969. Pasture activities of cattle and sheep. Canada Department of AgriculturePublication. 13:15. 105-112.
-  Cook, C. W., 1966. Factors affecting utilization of mountain sloops by cattle. Journal of Range Management, 19(4): 200-204.
-  Dadafarid, H., 2002. The role of the shepherds in livestock and rangeland management in West Azarbaijan province, Quarterly Juornal of Iranian Rangeland and Desert Research, 3( 9):1142-1129.
-  Fernandez-Gimenez Maria, E. and Swift, M., 2006. Strategies for sustainable grazing management in the developing world, The 7th International Rangeland Congress: 26 July -1 August 2006.
-  Fleming, P. J. S. and Korn, T. J., 1989. Predation of livestock by wild dog in eastern New South Wales. australian rangeland journal. 11(2): 61-66.
-  Ganskopp, D., 2002. Manipulating cattle distribution with salt and water in large arid-land pastures: a GPS/GIS assessment. Journal of Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 73: 251-262.
-  Ghanbari, Y., 2009. Evaluation of the effects of implementation of the control plan for livestock entry to summer quarter rangelands in Esfahan province. Abstract of the articles of the first national congress of livestock and pasture management research. 400p.
-  Gray, J. R., Fowler, J. M. and Clevenger, K., 1983. Economics of ranching in New Mexico in drought and no drought period. Department staff report 13. Department of Agricultural Economics and Agricultural Business, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces.
-  James, C. D., Landsberg, J. and Morton, S. R., 1999. Provision of watering points in the Australian arid zone: a review of effects on biota. Journal of Arid Environments, 41:87-121.
-  Lardy, G., Stoltenow, C. H. and Johnson, R., 2008. Livestock and water. AS-954. North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105.
-  Liang,Y., Han, G., Zhou, H., Zhao, M., Snyman, H. A., Shan, D. and Havstad, K. M., 2009. Grazing intensity on vegetation dynamics of typical steppe in northeast inner Mongolia. Journal of Rangeland Ecological Management, 62: 328- 336.
-  McIntyre, S. and Lavorel, S., 2001. Livestock grazing in sub-tropical pastures: steps in the analysis of attribute response and plant functional types. Journal of Ecology, 89: 209- 226.
-  Mesdaghi, M., 2005. Rangeland in Iran. fourth edition. Imam Reza University Press, 259p.
-  Miladfar, H., Barani, H., Joulaei, R. and Riyazifar, P., 2010. Determination of optimal ranch size based on economic efficiency and social sustainability(Case study: Rangelands of Urmiya). Journal of Rangeland and Watershed Management, Journal of Natural Resources, 63( 1): 105-118.
-  Milchunas, D. G. and Lauenroth, W. K., 1993. Quantitative effects of grazing on vegetation and soils over a global range of environments. Journal of Ecological Monographs, 63: 327-366.
-  Mohamadi- Golrang, B., 1994. Study of vegetation changes in Amir Kabir Dam (Karadj) during the past 20 years 1973-1993. Ms. Thesis. University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, 128p.
-  Mohammadi-Kangarani, H., Shamekhi, T., Babae, M., Ashtarian, K. and Arab, d. R., 2009. Policy-making between institution, forest and water variables by path analysis method (case study; Vezg watershed/ Kohgiloye va Boyerahmad province). Iranian Juornal of Forest, 1(4): 345-359.
-  Nagler, A., Bastian, C. T., Hewlett, J. P., Mooney, S., Paisley, S. I., Smith, M. A., Frasier, M. and Umberger, W., 2007. Multiple impacts-multiple strategies: How Wyoming cattle producers are surviving in prolonged drought. University of Wyoming Cooperative Extension Publication.
-  Oba, G. and Kaitira, L. M., 2006. Herder knowledge of landscape assessment in arid rangeland in northern Tanzania. Journal of Arid Environments, 66: 168-186.
-  Odo B. I., Omeje, F. U. and Okwor, J. N., 2001. Forage species availaibity, food preference and grazing behavior of goats in southeastern Nigeria. Journal of Small Ruminant Research, 42(2): 161-166.
-  Olabisi, L. S., 2010. The System dynamics of forest cover in the developing world: researcher versus community perspectives. Journal of Sustainability, 2(6): 1523-1535.
-  ShahMohammadi, A. R., Khatoonabadi, S. A. and Rajabi, M. R., 2005. Survey immigration control plan for tribal Bakhtiyari to the rangelands of Esfahan Province, Institute of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Third Year, No. Frist, 68-55.
-  Shahraki, M. R. and Barani, H., 2012. Examining factors on destruction of Golestan province rangelands. Journal of Conservation and Utilization of Natural Resources, 1 (3): 59-78.
-  Sileshi, Z., Tegegne, A. and Tsadik, G. T., 2003. Water resources for livestock in Ethiopia: Implications for research and development. Integrated water and land management rearch and capacity building priorities For Ethiopia, 66.
-  Squires, V. R., 1981. Livestock managemente in the arid zone. Inkata press, Melborne, Australia, 271p.
-  Umberger Steven, H., 2001. Sheep grazing management, Virginia State University, 366-410.
-  Val, E. D. and Crawley, M. J., 2005. Are grazing increaser species better tolerators than decreasers? An experimental assessment of defoliation tolerance in eight British grassland species. Journal of Ecology, 93: 1005–1016.
تحقیقات مرتع و بیابان ایران
دوره 26، شماره 4
دی 1398
صفحه 809-823
فایل ها
هم رسانی
ارجاع به این مقاله
آمار