نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی
2 استاد تمام گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان
3 استادیار گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی کرج، دانشگاه تهران
چکیده
ارزیابی پتانسیل اکولوژیک و ظرفیتهای طبیعی هر منطقه بههمراه برنامهریزی صحیح میتواند منجر به بهرهبرداری پایدار و مستمر از عرصههای طبیعی گردد. با افزایش جمعیت و فشارهای روانی حاصله از شلوغی شهرها، اکوتوریسم به عنوان یکی از راههای کاهش فشارهای حاصله بر مردم اهمیت دو چندانی پیدا کرده است. توسعه اکوتوریسم جهت حفظ منابعطبیعی باید متناسب با پتانسیل طبیعی و اجتماعی منطقه باشد. با توجه به اهمیت حفظ منابعطبیعی هدف از تحقیق حاضر ارزیابی پتانسیل اکوتوریسمی مراتع ییلاقی چهارباغ استان گلستان بر اساس روش محدود کننده فائو و با استفاده از GIS میباشد. فاکتورهای مورد ارزیابی شامل دو دسته اکولوژیکی (اقلیم، ارتفاع، شیب، خاک، منابع آبی، فاصله تا اماکن جاذبهای، ارزش جاذبهای پوشش گیاهی) و زیرساختاری (فاصله تا شهر و امکانات رفاهی و جاده و مسیرهای دسترسی) است. نتایج نشان داد از کل مساحت منطقه 36/25 درصد (28/2249 هکتار) دارای پتانسیل و شایستگی متوسط (S2)، 65/28 درصد (2542 هکتار) دارای پتانسیل و شایستگی پایین (S3) و 98/45 درصد (4/4079) هکتار فاقد شایستگی و پتانسیل (N) از لحاظ اکوتوریسمی میباشد. همچنین نتایج نشان داد فاکتورهای منابع آبی، خاک، درصد شیب، ارزش جاذبهای پوشش گیاهی، مسیرهای دسترسی و فاصله تا اماکن جاذبهای از عوامل کاهشدهنده پتانسیل و شایستگی گردشگری و فاکتورهای ارتفاع از سطح دریا، فاصله تا شهر و امکانات رفاهی و همچنین اقلیم (دما) از فاکتورهای افزایشدهنده پتانسیل و شایستگی گردشگری میباشد. مراتع چهارباغ دارای امکانات و پتانسیلهای مناسبی از لحاظ گردشگری بوده و با رعایت اصول گردشگری و حفظ منابعطبیعی میتوان علاوه بر اشتغالزایی و درآمد ساکنان منطقه به حفاظت و توسعهپایدار منطقه کمک کرد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Assessment the potential of Ecotourism Summer Rangelands using Geographic Information System (GIS) (Case Study: Chahar-bagh Rangelands of Gorgan City)
نویسندگان [English]
- reza yari 1
- Gholamali Heshmati 2
- Hamed Rafiee 3
1 استادیار پژوهشی- بخش تحقیقات جنگل و مرتع. مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی ومنابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی
2 Professor of Range and Watershed Management Department, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
3 Associate Professor, Department of Agricultural Economics, Karaj Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran
چکیده [English]
Assessment of the potential ecological and natural capacity of each area with proper planning can lead to sustainable and continuous utilization of natural areas. By increasing the population and psychological pressures resulting from the bustle of cities, ecotourism has become doubly important as one of the ways to reduce the pressures on people. The development of ecotourism to conserve natural resources should be commensurate with the natural and social potential of the region. Due to the importance of conserving natural resources, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the ecotourism potential of Chaharbagh summer rangelands in Golestan province based on the FAO limiting method and using GIS. The factors assessed include two ecological categories (climate, altitude, slope, soil, water resources, distance to attraction places, value attractive vegetation) and infrastructure (distance to city, amenities, roads, and access routes). The results showed that the total area of the region is 25.36% (2249.29 ha) with medium potential and competence (S2), 28.65% (2542 ha) with low potential and competence (S3), and 45.98% (4079) hectare lacks ecotourism competence and potential (N). The results also showed that water resources, soil, slope percentage, vegetation attraction value, access routes, and distance to attractions are factors that reduce the potential and merit of tourism and altitude factors, distance to city and facilities, welfare as well as climate (temperature) are factors that increase the potential and merit of tourism. Chaharbagh rangelands have suitable facilities and potentials in terms of tourism, and observing the principles of tourism and preserving natural resources, in addition to creating employment and income for the residents of the region, can help the protection and sustainable development of the region.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Ecotourism potential
- rangelands
- ecological factors
- Geographic Information System
- Amiri, F., 2009. Model multi-purpose use of rangeland using GIS (Case Study: Watershed Ghare-Aghaj Semirom). Range Management thesis, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, 240 Pp.
- Arzani, H., Ahmadi, H., Jafari, M., Azarnivand, H., Salajaghe, A. and Tavili, A., 2008. Instructions suitability multi-purpose use of rangelands. Department of Natural Resources. Tehran University and Forests and Rangelands Organization.
- Brezet, H., Backman, M. and Lordkipannidze, M., 2005. The entrepreneurship factor in sustainable tourism Journal of Cleaner Production, 13: 787-798.
- Bunruamkaew, K.H. and Murayama, Y., 2011. Site suitability evaluation for ecotourism using GIS & AHP: A Case Study of Surat Thani Province Thailand. Journal of Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 21: 269-278.
- David, L. and Barros, Z., 2007. Impacts of tourism and sport activities on the surface of the earth: An anthropogenic geomorphological approach. Revista Electronica de Ciencias da Tera Geosciences, 4 (1): 1-20.
- A.O., 1976. Planning for Sustainable Use of Land Resources; Towards a New approach. Land and Water Development Division, FAO Land and Water Bulletin. NO 2, Rome 68.
- A.O., 1991. Guide lines: Land evaluation for extensive grazing. FAO Soils Bulletin.No.58, Rome, 170p.
- Gul, A., Orucu, M.K. and Karaca, O., 2006. An approach for recreation suitability analysis to recreation planning in Golcuk Nature Park. Journal of Environment Management, 37 (5): 606-625.
- Javadi, S.A., Arzani, H., Zandi Esfahan, E. and Shadkami, M.J., The study of rangeland suitability for outdoor recreation and tourism purpose using Geographic Information System (GIS) .3 International Conferences on Cartography and GIS. Nessebar, Bulgaria.
- Jozi, S.A., Zaredar, N. and Rezaeian, S., 2010. Evaluation of ecological capability using spatial multi criteria evaluation method (SMCE) (Case study: Implementation of Indoor Recreation in Varjin Protected Area-Iran). International Journal of Environmental Science and Development,1: 273-277.
- Liddle, M., 1997. Recreation ecology: The ecological impact of outdoor reccreation. Chapman & Hall; 1 edition, 639 p.
- Mahdavi, A., Karami, A. and Mirzayi, J., 2011. Assessing the strength of ecotourism Badra area in Ilam Using Geographic Information System (GIS). Journal of Natural Ecosystems Iran, 2(2): 63-74.
- Makhdom, M., Darvishsefat, A., Jafarzade, D. and Makhdom, A., 2009. Environmental assessment and planning Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Tehran University Press. Vlume 1. 304p.
- Masoudi, M., Salman-Mahini, A., Mohammadzade, M. and Mirkarimi, S.H., 2015. Preference survey recreational visitors and its influencing factors in a wildlife sanctuary Miankaleh. Journal of Applied Ecology, 4(12):23-39.
- Movlayi-Hashjin, N. and Rajabi-Klvani, P., 2011. Recognizing the potential of the tourism environment shafts city to develop ecotourism. Journal of Physical Geography, 4(14): 1-12.
- Nastaran, M. and Hajeforosh, S. H., 2012. Eco-tourism sensing capabilities of protected areas using GIS (Case Study: Wildlife Refuge GHAMESHLOO). Journal of Geography and Environmental Planning, 46(2): 173-188.
- Ok, K., 2006. Multiple criteria activity selection for ecotourism planning in igneada. Turk Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 30: 153-164.
- Radkelif, M., 1994. Sustainable development, Center of planning studies and Agriculture Economy-Ministry of Agriculture Press, 135 p.
- Safaiean, R,. 2005. Multi-purpose use of Rangelands (Taleghan regional). M.Sc. Thesis. Range Management thesis. Department of Natural Resources. Tehran University. 108 p.
- Sanayi, A., Arzani, H. and Tavili, A., 2014. Evaluation of ecotourism potential Middel-Taleghan regional using GIS. Journal of Rangeland, 8(3): 272-284.
- Shadkami, M.J., 2009. Catchment's suitability Velenjak - Darake to recreation and tourism (Tehran Province). M.Sc. Thesis. Range Management thesis. Islamic Azad University. Science and Research Branch, 122 p.
- Sour, A., 2012. Determination of multiple- use suitability in range based on available instruction and compare with FAO method (1991) (case study: middlle Taleghan). Rangeland Thesis. Factulty of Natural Resources. University of Tehran, 208 p.
- Ullah, K.M. and Hafiz, R., 2013. Finding suitable locations for ecotourism development in Cox’s Bazar using geographical information system and analytical hierarchy process. Journal of Geocarto International, 29: 1-12.
)